Internet Protocol (IP)

IP is the underlying protocol used by World Wide Web (WWW) to connect other computers over the network which is included in the #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is considered as #Network Layer protocol according to #Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model. Currently, it has two versions: IPv4# and IPv6#.

The size of an IP datagram usually range from 20 to 65536 bytes. Its structure is like the following:

Header, size range from 20 to 60 bytes
Data
VER, indicates the version of the IP used, 4 bits or half a byte of size
HLEN, indicates the length of the header, 4 bits or half a byte of size
DS, specifies the type of Differentiated Service#, one byte of size
Total length, indicates the total length of the datagram, 2 bytes of size
Identification, used to identify the packet, 2 bytes of size
Flags, 3 bits of size
Fragmentation offset, used to identify the order of the packet if fragmentation was done on the packet, 13 bits of size.
Time to live (TTL), specifies the life time of the packet, 1 byte of size
Protocol, specifies the protocol used, 1 byte of size
Header checksum, used for error controlling, 2 bytes of size
Source IP Address#
Destination IP Address
Option (optional)

The following table shows the possible value of Protocol field to indicate which Protocol# is in used:

Value	Protocol
1	Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)#
2	Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)#
6	Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)#
17	User Datagram Protocol (UDP)#
89	Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)#

Links to this page

TTP3121 Chapter 1: Introduction

Internet Protocol (IP)
Network Layer

Internet Protocol (IP)#
Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)

Internet Protocol (IP)#

TCP/IP is a #Protocol Suite that is widely used for Internet or other computer networks connection. Internet Protocol (IP)# forms the foundation for it. It also comprises some Application Layer, Transport Layer and Network Layer protocols.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

ICMP primarily carries error and control messages with #Internet Protocol (IP) datagram over a network in the case such as unavailable service and unreachable host.
IP Security (IPsec)

IPsec is an #Network Layer security framework for secure communications over Internet Protocol (IP)# network. This means it could protect every application or Protocol#, including those that are security-ignorant (doesn’t design around security), running on top of IP (IPv4 or IPv6#, however, both of them are not compatible to each other). It is common having it to have secure access over the Internet, extranet and intranet connectivity with partners or just to enhance the security especially in electronic commerce. It provides Authentication#, Confidentiality#, and key management (secure key exchanges) services.
IP Address

An IP Address is a network address that is assigned by the local network using #Internet Protocol (IP). Unlike Media Access Control Address (MAC), it is temporary and can be easily changed. In the local network, the IP address must be unique.
A Review on Android Malware: Attacks, Countermeassures and Challenges

Infectious malware are those which can spread to infect new victims, either through disks, e-mail, messaging devices, Internet Protocol (IP)#, compromised legitimate websites, advertisements and so on.

#networking