LAN is a network that usually cover a small area such as a building or a home. The number of the devices can be connected to and the range of it can be enhanced by the Network Device. There are several protocols that make possible for the communication betweem the computers within the defined area:
The expansion of LAN is Wide Area Network (WAN)#.
WAN is a network that covers a broad geographic area, which often uses service providers’ (SP) transmission facilities and operates on Physical Layer#, Data Link Layer# and Network Layer# to connect several #Local-Area Network (LAN). Several network devices could operate within WAN such as Switch# (at data link layer) and Router#.
UTP is a #Twisted Pair Cable that is not shielded by any medium. It is mainly used for home connection#.
In a typical Local-Area Network (LAN)# network, it is designed as a Hierarchical Network# involving multiple Switches# with three layers: core layer, distribution layer, access layer. Access layer consists of end devices, and defines a basic configuration and constraint on them on network connection. Distribution layer is where we will define routing policies, Virtual LAN (VLAN)#, access control, broadcast domains, and access layer traffic aggregation or funnelling. Core layer should be capable of handling large amounts of traffic with high performance, this means that it needs to be highly available and redundant. For cost saving, we can collapse or combine distribution layer and core layer into one single layer.
The mechanism behind it is to activate only one network path at a time and allow several standby paths, which by default will be blocked, and brought up one of them when the activated network link is down. The protocol will maintain a 202207081445#, which includes all the switches in the 202207051554, using bridge protocol data units (BPDU) to exchange information between the switches. All switches in the spanning tree will elect a root switch to become the focal pointer for the network by selecting the one with the smallest ID (though the network administrator can arbitrarily dedicate a root switch).
Router consists of two types of interfaces: LAN interfaces and WAN interfaces. LAN interfaces could be used to connect Router to the LAN which is typically connected with an RJ-45 jack (Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable (UTP)). For connecting Router to Switch, we use a Straight-Through Cable. In the case of Router to Router, we use a Crossover Cable. For PC to Router, we will use Roll-Over Cable. LAN interface could serve Ethernet# and Fast Ethernet.
Repeater is a #202207051821 operates at 202206131647# which extends the range of the networks (i.e. 202207051554#). This is done by regenerate an electrical signal at the amplitude of the original signal.
Network Internal Threat is a threat coming inside the local network#. There are several of them as shown below:
Network External Threat is threat coming outside local network#. There are several of them as shown below:
MAN is a network that covers a geographic region with a size of a metropolitan. It connects various Local-Area Network (LAN)# to each other, and provides sufficient connections to the Wide Area Network (WAN)#. Most of the connection are done by Fibre-Optic Cable# and its technologies using pulses of light.
LANE is a standard defined for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)# in order to allow Local-Area Network (LAN)# traffic within the ATM network initiated by ATM end stations. It composed of two main components: LAN emulation clients (LEC) and LAN emulation servers (LES). They play an important role on forwarding and control, trying to emulate LAN within the network. One advantage of using LANE is that it doesn’t require modification from higher layer, thus making it transparent to the application’s use.
ISR is a kind of #Router that combine the functionalities of Switch#, wireless access point and router. It is widely adopted for the home Local-Area Network (LAN).
Ethernet is a system that links the computers within a local area which consists of #hardware (e.g. network interface card), software, and cabling for the connections. Computers are attached to the Ethernet with a shared #data link. It supports network speed ranging from 10Mbps to 10Gbps. It is the most dominated protocol for the #Local-Area Network (LAN) communication.
It is also used as a solution to makes different #202207051554 protocols compatible by implementing the translational bridging (translating a packet from one LAN technology to another).
There are two kinds of circuits primary used by ATM: Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)# and Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)# . The latter is quite common among ATM installation. ATM also utilises the LAN Emulation (LANE)# technology, which offer user the ability to communicate using Local-Area Network (LAN) protocols within the ATM network.