Bugis People

Bugis is a group of people originated from the Sulawesi island, Indonesia. Because of internal conflicts on the island, some migrated via sea and later settled around Sumatra, Riau and the Malay peninsula (especially in Selangor, Klang, and Linggi, Negeri Sembilan) in the late 17th century. They were described a fearless warrior and a capable merchant.

During the 18th century, they became heavily involve in the Malay affairs especially after the regicide of the last line of Melaka dynasty in the Johor Sultanate, Sultan Mahmud Shah II. Recruited by Perak (by Sultan Muzaffar and Raja Iskandar, later Sultan Iskandar) and Kedah (by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa) regime, they were sent to aid in the internal dynastic dispute. Their importance emphasised after the failure of the suppression of their influence in Selangor and Linggi by Johor’s Raja Muda.

In 1721, they installed the son of Sultan Abdul Jalil (first Bendahara line of the Johor royal dynasty, assassinated in Terengganu by Raja Kecil, or later known as Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah, who was based on Siak and gained supports from 202206301138), Sultan Sulaiman as the ruler of Johor. Under the banner Yamtuan Muda, initially Daeng Marewa and later Daeng Cellak, they asserted great control over the Johor politics, only rivalled by the Terengganu ruler at the time, Sultan Mansur Shah I. Sultan Salehuddin (1766-82), previously known as Raja Lumu, son of the Daeng Cellak, declared independence from the ever-weakening Johor Sultanate with the support of local Malay chiefs and nobles (orang tua), and formed the Selangor Sultanate. However, such move broke the cohesion between Riau Bugis and Selangor Bugis.

After the failed siege of 202205102217 Melaka in 1784 due to the death of the Yamtuan Muda, Raja Haji, Duct East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC) expelled all Bugis in Riau, resulted in the declination of the Bugis influence in the Johor Sultanate’s court as no Bugis can ever again to be in the position of Yamtuan Muda (reverted in 1804). Selangor was briefly fell into the hand of Dutch, but soon reclaimed by Sultan Ibrahim (1782-1826) with his followers from Pahang. Although Bugis had reasserted their position in the Johor court in the affairs of royal succession (supporting Sultan Abdul Rahman) following the declining power projection of VOC, they failed to compete to the power of Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim (supporting Sultan Hussain in Riau), with the support of local Malay chiefs, in the future.

The declination of the Bugis influence becomes inevitable after the 202207201017#.

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Selangor Civil War

Selangor Civil War or Klang War (1867-74) involves several Malay, 202206272053# elites and major figures of both dominant Chinese kongsi Ghee Hin and Hai San. At the later stage of the war, it also involves major power in the region such as British, Kedah, Pahang and Johor.
Minangkabau People

After the fall of the Melaka city to Portuguese colonial rule, Minangkabau people were heavily involves in the Malacca Strait conflicts, especially between Aceh Sultanate and Johor Sultanate. Their present became prominent after the regicide of the last line of Melaka dynasty in the Johor Sultanate, Sultan Mahmud Shah II. Their support to Raja Kecil, soon to be Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah, who based on Riak, put them directly in conflict to the interests of 202206272053. Although Minangkabau initially gained control over Riau, at the time the capital and important entrepôt in the region, forcing Sultan Abdul Jalil (first Bendahara line of the Johor royal dynasty) to fled to Terengganu, they were soon driven out by the Bugis people.

Minangkabau is a group of people originated from West Sumatra, Indonesia. They played an important role in politics around the Strait of Melaka and invovles in several conflicts in the Malay Peninsular during 17th and 18th century. Unlike other old Malays and 202206272053 cultures, they adopted a social system which incorporated matrilineal customs (adat perpatih) and practices which more adhered to Islamic laws of inheritance and succession (adat temenggung). At the time, they were settled in the Malay Peninsular at Naning (later annexed into Melaka state after Naning War), Sungai Ujung and Rembau (an old way to call Negeri Sembilan) which were rich in tin.