Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)

XDMCP is a #202206151238 protocol that used by #202205051624 that allow local or remote access to the X server. The server itself will run on the user side whereas the client will run remotely if it isn’t a local machine.

UDP is a widely used #Transport Layer Protocol# (defined by #Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model for the #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). Unlike Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), it is an unreliable and connectionless protocol which is great for real time communication such as voice chat or video streaming. UDP doesn’t guarantee that the packets or datagram (its Protocol Data Units (PDU))# will reach their destination or arrive in order as there is no mean to acknowledge such state. It has a rather small segment headers, with only 8 bytes, and provides fine application control over data transmission, which allow application-specific error recovery at Application Layer# for reliability.

TLI was the networking API intended to replace Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to provide interface to Socket Programming#.

Transport Layer is the forth layer in #Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model. It has the same name under #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). Its main purpose is to transfer the chunk of data from Application Layer onto the network. Sometimes, it will cut down the sizes of the data and send them as several packets (its #Protocol Data Units (PDU)). Their header will identify the Well-Known Ports# or socket numbers of the sender and receiver.

TCP is a commonly used Protocol# in #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a #Transport Layer protocol according to the classification of #Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model.

Socket Programming aims to connect two computers or processes by specifying with socket, which is a pair of IPv4 Address# and port number#. By establishing a socket, both of them could communicate in duplex mode or both directions, in and out, using Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)#. However, in socket programming, we usually define two entity: server and client. Server as the sender who send the messages, client as the receiver who receive and/or process the messages.

SNMP is a lightweight #Application Layer Protocol# allowing remote and local #management# of items or Network Device on the network. It is part of #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). SNMP comprises of two entities: agents who are running on managed node and collecting information about the node, and managers who are running on management workstation that requests information about devices on the network.

Presentation Layer is the sixth layer in the #Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model. It mainly provides formatting services to the Application Layer such as file encryption and format conversion. Session Layer, Application Layer and itself are commonly known as Application Layer as a whole in Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).

Physical layer is the first in #Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model. In #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP), it is treated as Link Layer together with Data Link Layer. It is responsible to convert a frame into bits, which is its Protocol Data Units (PDU)#, to be transmitted over the networks. It has a mean to validate whether a data is corrupted.

Network layer is the third layer in #Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model, and it is commonly referred as Internet Layer in #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). This is where most of the communication protocols operate. It is responsible for addressing, packaging and routing functions. The header that it adds to the packet, which is its #Protocol Data Units (PDU) includes the source and destination IP Address# which are unique. Routing# is done in this layer.

MPLS is a Data Link Layer# #Wide Area Network (WAN) backbone technology that delivers WAN and MAN services. It is one of the alternative to replace the legacy Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Point-to-Point/Leased Line as it can provide their functionalities in a multiservice form. Though it can be used to aggregate and transport Frame Relay, ATM, and IP-based traffic, the former two could be done using Any Transport over MPLS (AToM) technology. It also provides the Virtual Private Network (VPN)# technology.

IRTF is one of the #Internet Open Standards Organisation which puts attentions on long-term research related to Internet and Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)#. That being said, it also focuses on shorter-term issues of creating standards. It consists of several research groups with different research efforts such as Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG), Crypto Forum Research Group (CFRG), Peer-to-Peer Research Group (P2PRG), and Router Research Group (RRG).

IP is the underlying protocol used by World Wide Web (WWW) to connect other computers over the network which is included in the #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is considered as #Network Layer protocol according to #Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model. Currently, it has two versions: IPv4# and IPv6#.

IGMP is an #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) protocol used by hosts and adjacent Routers# to establish multicast IPv4 Address# group memberships.

IETF is one of the #Internet Open Standards Organisation which mission is to develop, update, and maintain Internet and the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)# technologies. It consists of several working groups (WGs) that is responsible for developing IETF specifications and guidelines. RFC documents will be produced by the organisation that describes Protocol, processes, and technologies for the Internet.

FEC is a specific path through the network of #Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) provider routers and is equal to the destination network, stored in an IP routing table.

Encapsulation is a process of adding control information as it passes down through the layered model such as Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model# and Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)#. It is in direct contrast to Decapsulation.

Decapsulation is a process of removing control information as it passes down through the layered model such as Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model# and Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)#. It is in direct contrast to Encapsulation.

Data Link layer is the second layer for #Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model. It is referred as Link Layer together with Physical Layer in #Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). Its responsibility is to establish a communication session between two different devices at node level regardless of network types. It will encapsulate# the data with a header that includes the information about the protocol used and the source and destination Media Access Control Address (MAC)#. All Ethernet switching and bridging are done here. Its #Protocol Data Units (PDU)# is a frame.