SONET is a #Physical Layer #optical technology that supports from 155 Mbps up to 10 Gbps high transmission rates for Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) using #Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) multiplexing scheme. It provides means of transportation to Data Link Layer# protocols and of conversion using Fibre-Optic Transmission Systems (FOTS), which is a Modulator. It has extensive OAMP (operation, administrative, maintenance and provisioning) capabilities. This allows precise fault detection and a rapid (50 ms) failover (switching to a redundant or standby computer server, system, hardware component or network upon the failure or abnormal termination of the previously active application). Its speed is range from 51.84 Mbps (OC-1) to 9953.28 Mbps (OC-192).
SONET nodes could be connected in the following ways:
- point-to-point
- linear, up to 16 devices total
- Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring (UPSR), where all traffic is homed to a central location
- Two-Fibre Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring (2F BLSR), where all traffic is local to each set of neighbours, and bandwidth is reusable
- Four-Fibre Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring (4F BLSR), which has the same functionality as 2F BLSR but accepts more rings