Bridge

Bridge is a #202207051821 operates at 202206131651# which provides the ability to split the #202207051805 into smaller ones, controls data flow, handles transmission error and enables access to physical device.

It will learn all the addresses of the computers that connected to it and only transfer the network traffic to the destination device or the network that contains it. This can reduce the occurrence of the collisions and improve the Network Congestion#.

One could view it as a kind of firewall, as Bridge protects network segment from the propagation of frame-level errors from other network segments.

It is also used as a solution to makes different #202207051554 protocols compatible by implementing the translational bridging (translating a packet from one LAN technology to another).

Be aware that #202207081644 could happen within the network.

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Switch

Switch is a #Network Device that can operates in either Data Link Layer# or Network Layer# (modern implementation). It is an intelligence Bridge, which provide superior throughput performance, more ports (lower per-port cost), high-speed connections, segmentation using Virtual LAN (VLAN)# or Broadcast Domain# (modern), and even routing (in the case of Multilayer Switch). This makes large-scale segmentation possible within the ~~[Local-Area Network (LAN)](202207051554)~~❌.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

STP is a #202206131651 protocol designed to run on 202207051851# and 202207051907# in order to prevent #202207081644 inside the network. It has been standardised by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) with 802.1d.
Network Loop

Network Loop could happen when there is a redundancy within the network, especially in 202207051851# and 202207051907# network. The packet could be trapped in a circle where they will travel endlessly around the same path. As more and more packets get involved in the loop, the network will inevitably come to a halt as no more bandwidth is available to the hosts due to broadcast-storms (infinite flooding of frames originally for broadcasting), multiple copies of frames (most protocols can’t handle duplicated transmissions), and 202206151451 address table instability (receiving the same frame on different ports).
Network Device

Bridge#
Local-Area Network (LAN)

Token Ring (developed by IBM, uses source route bridging#, frame contains predetermined path)
Ethernet

It uses transparent bridging# where forwarding decisions happen one hop (or network segment) at a time.
Collision Domain

202207051851#

#networking #hardware